Brand Equity of India as a Tourist Destination: Study of Antecedents using PLS-SEM Approach

Authors

  • Gupta Nupur Research Scholar, Institute of Management, Nirma University, Ahmedabad Author
  • Sapna Parashar Associate Professor, Institute of Management, Nirma University, Ahmedabad Author
  • Saurabh Gupta, Research Scholar, Manav Rachna University, Faridabad, Author

Keywords:

Destination Brand Equity, Brand Awareness, Brand Image, Brand Loyal Perceived Quality, India

Abstract

India has seen dramatic growth in tourism and  slowly is emerging as one of the promising  tourist destinations. However, the potential  of the industry in terms of employment and  income generation has not been fully utilized.  An understanding of the tourist perception  and the Brand equity a destination holds  with its tourists enhances how the tourism  industry in the country shapes up. The paper  aims at contributing to the understanding of  the key psychological factors that influence  the formation of destination brand equity  perceptions among tourists. The study has  employed the Partial Least Square Structural  Equation Modelling approach for validating  the measurement and to estimate the effect of  various antecedents on the Consumer Based  Brand Equity in the context of India as a tourist  destination.  

References

Aaker, D. A., & Equity, M. B. (1991). Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name. New York, 28(1), 35-37.

Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California Management Review, 38(3).

Atilgan, E., Aksoy, Ş., & Akinci, S. (2005). Determinants of the brand equity: A verification approach in the beverage industry in Turkey. Marketing Intelligence & Planning.

Atilgan, E., Akinci, S., Aksoy, S., & Kaynak, E. (2009). Customer-based brand equity for global brands: A multinational approach. Journal of Euromarketing, 18(2), 115-132.

Baloglu, S., & Mangaloglu, M. (2001). Tourism destination images of Turkey, Egypt, Greece, and Italy as perceived by US-based tour operators and travel agents. Tourism Management, 22(1), 1-9. 6. Barreda, A. A., Zubieta, S., Chen, H., Cassilha, M., & Kageyama, Y. (2017). Evaluating the impact of mega-sporting events on hotel pricing strategies: the case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Tourism Review. 7. Berry, L. L. (2000). Cultivating service brand equity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 128-137.

Bianchi, C., & Pike, S. (2011). Antecedents of destination brand loyalty for a long-haul market: Australia’s destination loyalty among Chilean travelers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(7), 736-750.

Boo, S., Busser, J., & Baloglu, S. (2009). A model of customer-based brand equity and its application to multiple destinations. Tourism Management, 30(2), 219-231.

Buil, I., De Chernatony, L., & Martinez, E. (2008). A cross‐national validation of the consumer‐based brand equity scale. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 17(6), 384-392.

Chang, H. H., & Liu, Y. M. (2009). The impact of brand equity on brand preference and purchase intentions in the service industries. The Service Industries Journal, 29(12), 1687-1706. 12. Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 655-690). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Cobb-Walgren, C. J., Ruble, C. A., & Donthu, N. (1995). Brand equity, brand preference, and purchase intent. Journal of Advertising, 24(3), 25-40.

Cracolici, M. F., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). The attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations: A study of Southern Italian regions. Tourism Management, 30(3), 336-344.

Cretu, A. E., & Brodie, R. J. (2007). The influence of brand image and company reputation where manufacturers market to small firms: A customer value perspective. Industrial marketing management, 36(2), 230-240.

De Chernatony, L., & Cottam, S. (2006). Internal brand factors driving successful financial services brands. European Journal of Marketing.

Di Marino, E. (2008, May). The strategic dimension of destination image: An analysis of the French Riviera image from the Italian tourists’ perceptions. In 17th international tourism and leisure Symposium, Barcelona (pp. 17-18).

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.

Gartner and Ruzzier (2010) Extending the tourism destination image concept into customer-based brand equity for a tourism destination. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 23(3), 24-42. 20. Gil‐Pareja, S., Llorca‐Vivero, R., & Martínez‐Serrano, J. A. (2007). The effect of EMU on tourism. Review of International Economics, 15(2), 302-312.

Gil-Saura, I., Ruiz-Molina, M. E., Michel, G., & Corraliza-Zapata, A. (2013). Retail brand equity: A model based on its dimensions and effects. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 23(2), 111-136.

Ghafari, M., Ranjbarian, B., & Fathi, S. (2017). Developing a brand equity model for tourism destination. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 12(4), 484-507.

Gómez, M., Molina, A., & Esteban, Á. (2013). What are the main factors attracting visitors to wineries? A PLS multi-group comparison. Quality &Quantity, 47(5), 2637-2657.

Gómez-Vega, M., & Picazo-Tadeo, A. J. (2019). Ranking world tourist destinations with a composite indicator of competitiveness: To weigh or not to weigh?. Tourism Management, 72, 281-291. 25. Hwang, J., & Hyun, S. S. (2012). The antecedents and consequences of brand prestige in luxury restaurants. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 17(6), 656-683.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3, 424–453. 30. Im, H. H., Kim, S. S., Elliot, S., & Han, H. (2012). Conceptualizing destination brand equity dimensions from a consumer-based brand equity perspective. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(4), 385-403.

Iversen, H. (2004). Risk-taking attitudes and risky driving behaviour. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 7(3), 135-150.

Kashif, M., & Zarkada, A. (2015). Value co-destruction between customers and frontline employees: A social system perspective. International Journal of Bank Marketing.

Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22.

Kim, S., Long, P., & Robinson, M. (2009). Small screen, big tourism: The role of popular Korean television dramas in South Korean tourism. Tourism Geographies, 11(3), 308-333. 35. Kim, D. K., Kim, C. W., & Lee, T. H. (2005). Public and private partnership for facilitating tourism investment in the APEC Region. Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Korea. 36. Konecnik, M., & Gartner, W. C. (2007). Customer-based brand equity for a destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(2), 400-421.

Konecnik, M. (2006). Croatian-based brand equity for Slovenia as a tourism destination. Economic and business review for Central and South-Eastern Europe, 8(1), 83.

Kozak, M., Kim, S., & Chon, K. (2017). Competitiveness of overseas pleasure destinations: A comparison study based on choice sets. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19(5), 569-583. 39. Krešić, D., & Prebežac, D. (2011). Index of destination attractiveness as a tool for destination attractiveness assessment. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 59(4), 497-517. 40. Lee, J. S., & Back, K. J. (2008). Attendee-based brand equity. Tourism Management, 29(2), 331-344 Liu, C. H., & Fang, Y. P. (2018). Conceptualizing, validating, and managing brand equity for tourist satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(6), 960-978.

Liu, C. H., Tzeng, G. H., Lee, M. H., & Lee, P. Y. (2013). Improving metro–airport connection service

for tourism development: Using hybrid MCDM models. Tourism Management Perspectives, 6, 95-107. 42. Oh, H. (2000). Diners’ perceptions of quality, value, and satisfaction: A practical viewpoint. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41(3), 58-66.

Pike, S., & Bianchi, C. (2013). Destination branding performance measurement: A non-technical discussion for practitioners. Luyou Xuekan [Tourism Tribune], 28(1), 13-15.

Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., and Becker, J.1M. (2022). “SmartPLS 4.” Boenningstedt: SmartPLS GmbH, http://www.smartpls.com.

Ranjbarian, B., & Pool, J. K. (2015). The impact of perceived quality and value on tourists’ satisfaction and intention to revisit Nowshahr city of Iran. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 16(1), 103-117.

Rajh, E. (2006). The effects of marketing mix elements on brand equity. Croatian Economic Survey, (8), 53-80.

Saayman, A., & Saayman, M. (2015). An ARDL bounds test approach to modeling tourist expenditure in South Africa. Tourism Economics, 21(1), 49-66.

Sanyal, S. N., & Datta, S. K. (2011). The effect of country of origin on brand equity: an empirical study on generic drugs. Journal of Product & Brand Management.

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. Handbook of Market Research, 26(1), 1-40.

Saydan, R. (2013). Relationship between country-of-origin image and brand equity: Empirical evidence in England market. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(3), 78-88. 51. Srihadi, F., Hartoyo, D., & Soehadi, W. (2015, February). Brand equity model of Jakarta as an international tourist destination. In Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Sciences: Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Science 2014 (ICIBSoS 2014), 1-2 November 2014, Bali, Indonesia. (p. 421). CRC Press.

Stylidis, D., Shani, A., & Belhassen, Y. (2017). Testing an integrated destination image model across residents and tourists. Tourism Management, 58, 184-195.

Tong, X., & Hawley, J. M. (2009). Measuring customer‐based brand equity: Empirical evidence from the sportswear market in China. Journal of product & brand management.

Tsaur, S. H., Lin, W. R., & Liu, J. S. (2013). Sources of the challenge for adventure tourists: Scale development and validation. Tourism Management, 38, 85-93.

Tsai, C. H., & Chen, C. W. (2010). An earthquake disaster management mechanism based on risk assessment information for the tourism industry-a case study from the island of Taiwan. Tourism Management, 31(4), 470-481. Tran, V. T., Nguyen, N. P., Tran, P. T. K., Tran, T. N., & Huynh, T. T. P. (2019). Brand equity in a tourism destination: a case study of domestic tourists in Hoi An city, Vietnam. Tourism Review.

Vogt, C., & Kaplanidou, K. (2003). The role of word-of-mouth and how it can be used to develop a competitive advantage for a destination. Travel Michigan and MSU Department of Park, Recreation and Tourism Resources, 1-6.

Wang, T. L., Tran, P. T. K., & Tran, V. T. (2017). Destination perceived quality, tourist satisfaction, and word-of-mouth. Tourism Review, 72(4), 392-410.

Woodside, A. G., & Lysonski, S. (1989). A general model of traveler destination choice. Journal of Travel Research, 27(4),

Yasin, N. M., Noor, M. N., & Mohamad, O. (2007). Does image of country‐of‐origin matter to brand equity? Journal of Product & Brand Management.

Yoo, B., & Donthu, N. (2001). Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of Business Research, 52(1), 1-14.

Zhang, H., Fu, X., Cai, L. A., & Lu, L. (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. Tourism Management, 40, 213-223.

Zhang, Z., & Yuan, K.-H. (2018). Practical Statistical Power Analysis Using Web power and R (Eds). Granger, IN: ISDSA Press.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-24

How to Cite

Brand Equity of India as a Tourist Destination: Study of Antecedents using PLS-SEM Approach . (2023). IITM Journal of Business Studies, 11(1), 107-118. https://journalsiitmjp.com/index.php/iitmjbs/article/view/10