Moderating role of Gender and Family Income on Green Entrepreneurial Intention factors: An empirical study on Higher Education Students

Authors

  • Manoj Kumar Mishra Research Scholar, Jagannath University, Jaipur Author
  • Vaishali Sharma Dean, FMS Jagannath University, Jaipur Author

Keywords:

Green entrepreneurship,, Environmental Values, University green entrepreneurial support, Higher education, , Green Value, Green recognition

Abstract

As the world becomes green, it emphasizes  the importance of adopting a sustainable,  environmentally and socially beneficial lifestyle.  A growing body of academic research on “going  green” offers a new standpoint on the concept of  Green Entrepreneurship. Green entrepreneurship  aims to follow classic entrepreneurial ideals while  providing additional benefits to society and the  environment at the same time. The study explores  the influence of factors, namely, entrepreneurial  creativity, university green entrepreneurial  support, green recognition, and green value  variables, on green entrepreneurial intentions,  along with the moderating role of gender, family  income and family occupation among students. 

Data from 600 Undergraduate and Postgraduate  students was collected using the survey method.  For this purpose, a structured questionnaire  with a five-point Likert scale was used. The  statistical techniques applied to the dataset  were confirmatory factor analysis and structural  equation modeling using SPSS, AMOS, and  process-Macro. 

The results revealed that all the study variables  positively and significantly influence students’  

green entrepreneurial intention. Moreover,  demographic factors also influence this  relationship. 

Most of the previously conducted research  focuses on entrepreneurship in context  with its contribution to economic growth,  development of the economy, employment  generation, and reduction in a disparity of  income. However, less research highlighted  the green aspect of entrepreneurship and  its contribution to sustainability. Moreover,  there is a shortage of studies conducted to  understand students’ perspectives on green  entrepreneurship. The present study has  attempted to realize determinants that influence  green entrepreneurial intentions among UG and  PG students. The study’s findings will provide  directions to policymakers, entrepreneurs,  students, Educational Institutions, and  society to understand the ecosystem of green  entrepreneurship. 

References

Abdur Rouf, K. (2012) ‘Green microfinance promoting green enterprise development’, Humanomics, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.148–161.

Ahmad, N.H., Halim, H.A., Rahman, S.A. and Ramayah, T. (2015) ‘Green entrepreneurship proclivity among Generation Y nascent entrepreneurs of Malaysia’, paper presented at the Economics, Social Sciences and Information Management: Proceedings of the 2015 International Congress on Economics, Social Sciences and Information Management (ICESSIM 2015), Bali, Indonesia, 28–29 March.

Ahmad, N.H., Halim, H.A., Ramayah, T. and Rahman, S.A. (2013) ‘Revealing an open secret: internal challenges in creating an entrepreneurial university from the lens of the academics’, International Journal of Conceptions on Management and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.30–33.

Ahmed, I., Islam, T., & Usman, A. (2021). Predicting entrepreneurial intentions through self-efficacy, family support, and regret: A moderated mediation explanation. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13(1), 26-38.

Aithal, P. and Rao, P. (2016) ‘Green education concepts & strategies in higher education model’, International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp.793–802 6. Ajjan, H., Fabian, F., Tomczyk, D., & Hattab, H. (2015). Social media use to support entrepreneurship in the face of disruption. Journal of developmental entrepreneurship, 20(03), 1550014. 7. Allen, J. C., & Malin, S. (2008). Green entrepreneurship: a method for managing natural resources?. Society and natural resources, 21(9), 828-844.

Alvarez-Risco, A., Mlodzianowska, S., García-Ibarra, V., Rosen, M. A., & Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S. (2021). Factors affecting green entrepreneurship intentions in Business University Students in COVID-19 pandemic times: case of Ecuador. Sustainability, 13(11), 6447.

Amankwah, J., & Sesen, H. (2021). On the relation between green entrepreneurship intention and behavior. Sustainability, 13(13), 7474.

Anjum, T., Farrukh, M., Heidler, P., & Díaz Tautiva, J. A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention: Creativity, entrepreneurship, and university support. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 11.

Bagozzi, R. P. (1980). Causal models in marketing. Wiley.

Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing Construct Validity in Organizational Research. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(3), 421. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393203 13. Bao, J., Zhou, X., & Chen, Y. (2017). Entrepreneurial passion and behaviors: Opportunity recognition as a mediator. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 45(7), 1211-1220. 14. BarNir, A., Watson, W., & Hutchins, H. (2011). Mediation and moderated mediation in the relationship among role models, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial career intention and gender. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(2): 270-297.

Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modeling: adjusting model fit. Personality and Individual Difference, 42, 815–824.

Bhardwaj, B.R. and Sushil (2012), “Internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship: assessing CEAI model for emerging economies”, Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 70-87.

Bhatia, M., & Jain, A. (2013). Green marketing: A study of consumer perception and preferences in India. Electronic Green Journal, 1(36).

Biraglia, A., & Kadile, V. (2017). The role of entrepreneurial passion and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions: Insights from American homebrewers. Journal of Small Business Management, 55(1), 170-188.

Bryman A & Cramer D (1997) Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS for Windows. Routledge, LondonBusiness Education, 61, 249–278.

Byrka, K., Hartig, T., & Kaiser, F. G. (2010). Environmental attitude as a mediator of the relationship between psychological restoration in nature and self-reported ecological behavior. Psychological Reports, 107(3), 847-859.)

Byrne, B. M. (2010). Multivariate applications series. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York, NY, US: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group

Chang, S. J., Van Witteloostuijn, A., & Eden, L. (2010). From the editors: Common method variance in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(2), 178–184. 23. Chawla, L. (2020). Childhood nature connection and constructive hope: A review of research on connecting with nature and coping with environmental loss. People and Nature, 2(3), 619-642. 24. Cheung, M. W. L., & Chan, W. (2002). Reducing uniform response bias with ipsative measurement in multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(1), 55-77. 25. Chia, C. C., & Liang, C. (2016). Influence of creativity and social capital on the entrepreneurial intention of tourism students. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 12(2), 151-168.

Chou, C.J. (2014), “Hotels’ environmental policies and employee personal environmental beliefs: interactions and outcomes”, Tourism Management, Vol. 40, pp. 436-446.

Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (2013). A first course in factor analysis. Psychology press. 28. Comrey, A.L. and Lee, H.B. (1992), “Interpretation and application of factor analytic results”, in Comrey, A.L. and Lee, H.B. (Es), A First Course in Factor Analysis, Vol. 2.

Cronbach, L. J., & Warrington, W. G. (1951). Time-limit tests: estimating their reliability and degree of speeding. Psychometrika, 16(2), 167-188.

Cutler, M.J., Marlon, J., Howe, P. and Leiserowitz, A. (2020), “‘Is global warming affecting the weather? ’Evidence for increased attribution beliefs among coastal versus inland US residents”, Environmental Sociology, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 6-18.

Davvetas, V., Diamantopoulos, A., Zaefarian, G., & Sichtmann, C. (2020). Ten basic questions about structural equations modeling you should know the answers to–But perhaps you don’t. Industrial Marketing Management, 90, 252-263.

Demirel, P., Li, Q.C., Rentocchini, F. and Tamvada, J.P. (2019), “Born to be green: new insights into the economics and management of green entrepreneurship”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 52 No. 4, pp. 759-771.

Dumont, J., Shen, J. and Deng, X. (2017), “Effects of green HRM practices on employee workplace green behavior: the role of psychological green climate and employee green values”, Human Resource

Management, Vol. 56 No. 4, pp. 613-627.

Duong, C. D., & Le, T. L. (2021). ADHD symptoms and entrepreneurial intention among Vietnamese college students: an empirical study. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. 35. Edwards, J. R., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2000). On the nature and direction of relationships between constructs and measures. Psychological Methods, 5(2), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.5.2.155 36. Farinelli, F., Bottini, M., Akkoyunlu, S. and Aerni, P. (2011) ‘Green entrepreneurship: the missing link towards a greener economy’, ATDF Journal, Vol. 8, Nos. 3/4, pp.42–48

Farrukh, M., Lee, J. W. C., Sajid, M., & Waheed, A. (2019). Entrepreneurial intentions: The role of individualism and collectivism in perspective of theory of planned behaviour. Education+ Training. 38. Febrian, A. C., & Ferdinand, A. T. (2017, March). Market Orientation, Innovation Capability and Technological Capability on Business Performance: A Study of Smes in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Management Sciences (ICoMS 2017), UMY, Bantul, Indonesia (Vol. 22)..

Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance (Vol. 2). Stanford university press. 40. Fichter, K. and Tiemann, I. (2018), “Factors influencing university support for sustainable 41. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.

Fuller, B., Yan, L., Bajaba, S., Marler, L. E., & Pratt, J. (2018). Examining how the personality, self efficacy, and anticipatory cognitions of potential entrepreneurs shape their entrepreneurial intentions. Personality & Individual Differences, 125, 120–125.

Garver, M.S. and Mentzer, J.T. (1999), “Logistics research methods: employing structural equation modeling to test for construct validity”, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 33-57. 45. Gast, J., Gundolf, K. and Cesinger, B. (2017), “Doing business in a green way: a systematic review of the ecological sustainability entrepreneurship literature and future research directions”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 147, pp. 44-56.

Geng, Y., Liu, K., Xue, B., & Fujita, T. (2013). Creating a “green university” in China: a case of Shenyang University. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, 13-19.

Gerard, P., and Saleh, K.E. (2011). Impact of same contextual factors on entrepreneurial intention of university students., African Journal of Business Management, vol. 5 (26), October, 10707-10717. DOI: 10.5897/AJBM10.891

Gibbs, D. and O’Neill, K. (2014) ‘Rethinking sociotechnical transitions and green entrepreneurship: the potential for transformative change in the green building sector’, Environment and Planning A, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp.1088–1107.

Goodwin, L. D., & Leech, N. L. (2003). The meaning of validity in the new Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing: Implications for measurement courses. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 36, 181–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2003.11909741

Grinevich, V., Huber, F., Karataş-Özkan, M. and Yavuz, Ç. (2017) ‘Green entrepreneurship in the sharing economy: utilising multiplicity of institutional logics’, Small Business Economics, pp.1–18

[online] https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9935-x.

Guntin, R., & Kochen, F. (2020). Entrepreneurship, Financial Frictions, and the Market for Firms. 52. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long range planning, 46(1-2), 1-12. 53. Hall, J., Matos, S. and Bachor, V. (2017) ‘From green technology development to green innovation: inducing regulatory adoption of pathogen detection technology for sustainable forestry’, Small Business Economics, pp.1–13, DOI 10.1007/s11187-017-9940-0.

Hall, J.K., Daneke, G.A. and Lenox, M.J. (2010), “Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: past contributions and future directions”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 25 No. 5, pp. 439-448. 55. Hasan, M. M., Nekmahmud, M., Yajuan, L., & Patwary, M. A. (2019). Green business value chain: A systematic review. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 20, 326-339.

Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling

He, B. J., Zhao, D. X., & Gou, Z. (2020). Integration of low-carbon eco-city, green campus and green building in China. In Green building in developing countries (pp. 49-78). Springer, Cham. 58. Henrekson, M., & Sanandaji, T. (2014). Small business activity does not measure entrepreneurship. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(5), 1760-1765.

High Natural Recourse awareness (Allen, John C.; Malin, Stephanie (2008). Green entrepreneurship: A Method for Managing Natural Resources?. Society & Natural Resources, 21(9), 828–844. doi:10.1080/08941920701612917)

Hinkin, T. R. (1995). A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. Journal of management, 21(5), 967-988.

Hoang, G., Le, T. T. T., Tran, A. K. T., & Du, T. (2020). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Vietnam: the mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning orientation. Education+ Training.

Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Evaluating model fit: a synthesis of the structural equation modelling literature. In 7th European Conference on research methodology for business and management studies (pp. 195-200).

Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2007). The next 20 years: how customer and workforce attitudes will evolve. Harvard business review, 85(7-8), 41-52.

https://www.collegeconsensus.com/rankings/best-green-business-schools/

https://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/choosing-university/green-universities 66. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 68. Hulland, J., Baumgartner, H., & Marion Smith, K. (2017). Marketing survey research best practices: evidence and recommendations from a review of JAMS articles. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1–17.

Huq, A., Huq, A., Gilbert, D. and Gilbert, D. (2017) ‘All the world’sa stage: transforming entrepreneurship education through design thinking’, Education+ Training, Vol. 59, No. 2, pp.155–170. 70. Hussain, I., Nazir, M., Hashmi, S. B., Di Vaio, A., Shaheen, I., Waseem, M. A., & Arshad, A. (2021). Green and Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Mediation-Moderation Perspective. Sustainability, 13(15), 8627.

Ip, C. Y., Liang, C., Wu, S. C., Law, K. M. Y., & Liu, H. C. (2018). Enhancing social entrepreneurial intentions through entrepreneurial creativity: A comparative study between Taiwan and Hong Kong. Creativity Research Journal, 30(2), 132-142.

Ito, M., Gutiérrez, K., Livingstone, S., Penuel, B., Rhodes, J., Salen, K., & Watkins, S. C. (2013). Connected learning: An agenda for research and design. Digital Media and Learning Research Hub. 73. J. Vaske, Maureen P. Donnelly, Daniel R. Williams, Sandra Jonker, J. (2001). Demographic influences on environmental value orientations and normative beliefs about national forest management. Society & Natural Resources, 14(9), 761-776.

Jeong, M., Zo, H., Lee, C. H., & Ceran, Y. (2019). Feeling displeasure from online social media postings: A study using cognitive dissonance theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 231-240. 75. Jiang, H., Wang, S., Wang, L., & Li, G. (2020). Golden apples or green apples? The effect of entrepreneurial creativity on green entrepreneurship: A dual pathway model. Sustainability, 12(15), 6285.

Jnr, B. A. (2020). Green campus paradigms for sustainability attainment in higher education institutions–a comparative study. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management. 77. Jordan, P. J., & Troth, A. C. (2020). Common method bias in applied settings: The dilemma of researching in organizations. Australian Journal of Management, 45(1), 3-14.

Kabongo, J.D. and Okpara, J.O. (2010), “Entrepreneurship education in sub‐Saharan African universities”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 296-308 79. Kaijun, Y., & Sholihah, P. I. (2015). A comparative study of the Indonesia and Chinese educative systems concerning the dominant incentives to entrepreneurial spirit (desire for a new venturing) of business school students. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 1-16. 80. Karimi. S., Biemans. H., Lans. T., Chizari. M., Mulder. M., & Naderi. (2013). “Understanding Role Models and Gender Influences on Entrepreneurial Intentions Among College Students,” Procedia— Social and Behavioral Sciences 94, 204–214.

Kirkwood, J., & Walton, S. (2010). What motivates ecopreneurs to start businesses?. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.

Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and Practice for Structural Equation Modelling (3rd Eds). 83. Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. 84. Koi-Akrofi, G. Y., Matey, H. A., Banaseka, F., & Quist, S. C. (2020). Impact of personality, human

capital, and environmental influences on students’ entrepreneurial potential: The case of IT Management and Business Administration final year students of UPSA, Ghana. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 31(2), 351-369.

Kolvereid, L. (1996a), “Organizational employment versus self-employment: reasons for career intentions”, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 23-31.

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610.

Krueger, N., Reilly, M.D. and Carsrud, A.L. (2000), “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 15 Nos 5-6, pp. 411-432.

Krueger, N.F. and Kickul, J. (2006), “So you thought the intentions model was simple? Navigating the complexities and interactions of cognitive style, culture, gender, social norms, and intensity on the pathways to entrepreneurship”, USASBE Conference, Tuscon, AZ, pp. 12-15

Kumar, S., Gupta, A., & Mishra, M. K. (2020). 15 Impact of Leadership. Performance Management: Happiness and Keeping Pace with Technology, 187.

Lee, S.M., Chang, D. and Lim, S.B. (2005), “Impact of entrepreneurship education: a comparative study of the US and Korea”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 27-43.

Lepeyko, T.I. and Blyznyuk, T.P. (2016), “Generational theory: value-oriented approach”, Business Inform, No. 11, pp. 24-30.

Likert, R. A. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1–55.

Liñán, F., & Fayolle, A. (2015). A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 907-933.

Liñán, F., Nabi, G., & Krueger, N. (2013). British and Spanish entrepreneurial intentions: A comparative study. Revista de economía Mundial, (33), 73-103.

Liu, H. C., Liang, C., Chang, C. C., Ip, C. Y., & Liang, C. T. (2021). Optimizing personality traits and entrepreneurial creativity to boost the precursors of social entrepreneurial intentions: Five studies in Taiwan. Journal of Social Service Research, 47(1), 10-32.

Lotfi, M., Yousefi, A., & Jafari, S. (2018). The effect of emerging green market on green entrepreneurship and sustainable development in knowledge-based companies. Sustainability, 10(7), 2308. 97. MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological methods, 1(2), 130. 98. Maes, J.; Leroy, H.; & Sels, L. (2014). Gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions: A TPB multi group analysis at factor and indicator level. European Management Journal 32 (2014) 784–794. 99. Majid, I. A. (2017). SMEs’ intention towards sustainable entrepreneurship. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(3), 24-32.

Markland, D. (2007). The golden rule is that there are no golden rules: a commentary on Paul Barrett’s recommendations for reporting model fit in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Difference, 42, 851–858

Mayer, J., & Mussweiler, T. (2011). Suspicious spirits, flexible minds: When distrust enhances creativity. Journal of personality and social psychology, 101(6), 1262.

Melay, I., O’Dwyer, M., Kraus, S. and Gast, J. (2017) ‘Green entrepreneurship in SMEs: a configuration approach’, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.1–17. 103.Mellinger, C. D., & Hanson, T. A. (2020). Methodological considerations for survey research: Validity,

reliability, and quantitative analysis. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series: Themes in Translation Studies, 19, 172–190.

Montoya, A. K., & Hayes, A. F. (2016, June 30). Two-Condition Within-Participant Statistical Mediation Analysis: A Path-Analytic Framework. Psychological Methods. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/met0000086

Mrkajic, B., Murtinu, S., & Scalera, V. G. (2019). Is green the new gold? Venture capital and green entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 52(4), 929-950.

Mustafa, M. J., Hernandez, E., Mahon, C., & Chee, L. K. (2016). Entrepreneurial intentions of university students in an emerging economy: The influence of university support and proactive personality on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 8(2), 162–179.

Neneh, B. N. (2019). From entrepreneurial alertness to entrepreneurial behavior: The role of trait competitiveness and proactive personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 273–279. 108.Newbery, R., Lean, J., Moizer, J., & Haddoud, M. (2018). Entrepreneurial identity formation during

the initial entrepreneurial experience: The influence of simulation feedback and existing identity. Journal of Business Research, 85, 51-59.

Noh, M.J., (2010) A study on the moderating effect of green recognition in the purchase of green IT products. Korean

Nunnally Jr, J. C. (1970). Introduction to psychological measurement.

Nuringsih, K., & Nuryasman, M. N. (2021). The Role of Green Entrepreneurship in Understanding Indonesia Economy Development Sustainability among Young Adults. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(12). ( green value result is negative with sustainable development)

Nuringsih, K., Nuryasman, M. N., & IwanPrasodjo, R. A. (2019). Sustainable entrepreneurial intention: The perceived of triple bottom line among female students. Jurnal Manajemen, 23(2), 168-190.

Ozgen, E., & Baron, R. A. (2007). Social sources of information in opportunity recognition: Effects of mentors, industry networks, and professional forums. Journal of business venturing, 22(2), 174- 192. 114. Podsakoff, P. & Organ, D. (1986). Self-Report in Organizational Research. Journal of Management, 12, 531-544. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638601200408.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879.

Qazi, W., Qureshi, J. A., Raza, S. A., Khan, K. A., & Qureshi, M. A. (2020). Impact of personality traits and university green entrepreneurial support on students’ green entrepreneurial intentions: the moderating role of environmental values. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education.

Rahmawati, F., Hasyyati, A., & Yusran, H. L. (2012, September). The obstacles to be Young Entrepreneur. In The 2012 International Conference on Business and Management (pp. 6-7). 118.Ramayah, T., Rahman, S. A., & Taghizadeh, S. K. (2019). Modelling green entrepreneurial intention among university students using the entrepreneurial event and cultural values theory. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 11(4), 394-412.

Raza, S.A., Qazi, W., Shah, N., Qureshi, M.A., Qaiser, S. and Ali, R. (2020a), “Drivers of intensive Facebook usage among university students: an implications of U&G and TPB theories”, Technology in Society, Vol. 62, 101331.

Raza, S.A., Umer, A., Qureshi, M.A. and Dahri, A.S. (2020b), “Internet banking service quality, e-customer satisfaction and loyalty: the modified e-SERVQUAL model”, The TQM Journal. 121.Roseland, M. (1997). Dimensions of the eco-city. Cities, 14(4), 197-202.

Saeed, S., Yousafzai, S., Yani-De-Soriano, M., & Muffatto, M. (2018). The role of perceived university support in the formation of students’ entrepreneurial intention. In Sustainable Entrepreneurship (pp. 3-23). Routledge.

Saeed, W. S., Yousafzai, SY, Yani-De-Soriano, M., & Muffatto, M.(2015). The Role of Perceived University Support in the Formation of Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1127-1145.

Sarstedt, M., Bengart, P., Shaltoni, A. M., & Lehmann, S. (2017). The use of sampling methods in advertising research: a gap between theory and practice. International Journal of Advertising, (October), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1348329

Schaper, M. (2002) ‘The essence of ecopreneurship’, Greener Management International, Summer, Vol. 38, pp.26–30.

Shahab, Y., Chengang, Y., Arbizu, A. D., & Haider, M. J. (2018). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention: do entrepreneurial creativity and education matter?. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.

Sharma, N., Saha, R., Sreedharan, V. R., & Paul, J. (2020). Relating the role of green self‐concepts and identity on green purchasing behaviour: An empirical analysis. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(8), 3203-3219.

Shi, Y., Yuan, T., Bell, R., & Wang, J. (2020). Investigating the relationship between creativity and entrepreneurial intention: the moderating role of creativity in the theory of planned behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1209.

Silajdžić, I., Kurtagić, S.M. and Vučijak, B. (2015) ‘Green entrepreneurship in transition economies: a case study of Bosnia and Herzegovina’, Journal of Cleaner Production, February, Vol. 88, pp.376–384. 130. Stamboulis, Y., & Barlas, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship education impact on student attitudes. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 365-373.

St-Jean, É., & Labelle, F. (2018). Wanting to change the world, is it too much of a good thing? How sustainable orientation shapes entrepreneurial behaviour. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.

Strauss, W., & Howe, N. (1991). Generations: The history of America’s future, 1584 to 2069 (Vol. 538). New York: Quill.

Strobl, A., Kronenberg, C., & Peters, M. (2012). Entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions: Assessing gender specific differences. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 15(4), 452–468.

Suki, N. M. (2016). Green product purchase intention: impact of green brands, attitude, and knowledge. British Food Journal.

IITM Journal of Business Studies 245

Volume 12 Issue 1 January - December 2023 ISSN 2393-9451

Suwartha, N. and Sari, R.F. (2013), “Evaluating UI GreenMetric as a tool to support green universities development: assessment of the year 2011 ranking”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 61, pp. 46-53. 136.Tarka, P. (2018). An overview of structural equation modeling: its beginnings, historical development, usefulness and controversies in the social sciences. Quality & quantity, 52(1), 313-354. 137.Tehseen, S., Ramayah, T. & Sajilan, S. (2017). Testing and Controlling for Common Method Variance: A Review of Available Methods, Journal of Management Sciences, Geist Science, Iqra University, Faculty of Business Administration, 4(2), 146-175, October.

Teo, T., Zhou, M., Fan, A.C.W. and Huang, F. (2019), “Factors that influence university students’intention to use Moodle: a study in Macau”, Educational Technology Research and Development,Vol. 67 No. 3, pp. 749-766.

Torfing, J. (2019). Collaborative innovation in the public sector: The argument. Public Management Review, 21(1), 1-11.

Torrance, E. P. (2018). Guiding creative talent. Pickle Partners Publishing.

Trapp, C. T., & Kanbach, D. K. (2021). Green entrepreneurship and business models: Deriving green technology business model archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 297, 126694. 142.Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38(1), 1-10.

Turker, D., & Selcuk, S. S. (2009). Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students?. Journal of European industrial training.

Turulja, L., & Bajgoric, N. (2018). Innovation, firms’ performance and environmental turbulence: is there a moderator or mediator?. European Journal of Innovation Management. Vol. 175, pp. 512-524. 145.Vamvaka, V., Stoforos, C., Palaskas, T., & Botsaris, C. (2020). Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: Dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 1–26. 146.Wang, J. H., Chang, C. C., Yao, S. N., & Liang, C. (2016). The contribution of self-efficacy to the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. Higher Education, 72(2), 209-224. 147.Wood, R. E., Goodman, J. S., Beckmann, N., & Cook, A. (2008). Mediation testing in management research: A review and proposals. Organizational research methods, 11(2), 270-295. 148.Wu, S. and Wu, L. (2008), “The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 752- 774, available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917843

Yi, G. (2020), “From green entrepreneurial intentions to green entrepreneurial behaviors: the role of university entrepreneurial support and external institutional support”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, pp. 1-17, doi: 10.1007/s11365-020-00649-y.

Yi, G. (2021). From green entrepreneurial intentions to green entrepreneurial behaviors: The role of university entrepreneurial support and external institutional support. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(2), 963-979.

Zampetakis, L. A., Gotsi, M., Andriopoulos, C., & Moustakis, V. (2011). Creativity and entrepreneurial intention in young people: Empirical insights from business school students. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 12(3), 189-199.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-24

How to Cite

Moderating role of Gender and Family Income on Green Entrepreneurial Intention factors: An empirical study on Higher Education Students . (2023). IITM Journal of Business Studies, 11(1), 222-246. https://journalsiitmjp.com/index.php/iitmjbs/article/view/19